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SpringBoot整合SpringSecurity实现JWT认证的项目实践

Java开发
2023-03-21

本文会通过创建SpringBoot项目整合SpringSecurity，实现完整的JWT认证机制，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧

前言

微服务架构，前后端分离目前已成为互联网项目开发的业界标准，其核心思想就是前端（APP、小程序、H5页面等）通过调用后端的API接口，提交及返回JSON数据进行交互。
在前后端分离项目中，首先要解决的就是登录及授权的问题。微服务架构下，传统的session认证限制了应用的扩展能力，无状态的JWT认证方法应运而生，该认证机制特别适用于分布式站点的单点登录（SSO）场景

1、创建SpringBoot工程

2、导入SpringSecurity与JWT的相关依赖

pom文件加入以下依赖

 		<!--Security框架-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        ...
        <!-- jwt -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-api</artifactId>
            <version>0.10.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-impl</artifactId>
            <version>0.10.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-jackson</artifactId>
            <version>0.10.6</version>
        </dependency>

3.定义SpringSecurity需要的基础处理类

application.yml配置中加入jwt配置信息：

#jwt
jwt:
  header: Authorization
  # 令牌前缀
  token-start-with: Bearer
  # 使用Base64对该令牌进行编码
  base64-secret: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX(制定您的密钥)
  # 令牌过期时间 此处单位/毫秒 
  token-validity-in-seconds: 14400000

创建一个jwt的配置类，并注入Spring，便于程序中灵活调用

@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "jwt")
public class JwtSecurityProperties {

    /** Request Headers ： Authorization */
    private String header;

    /** 令牌前缀，最后留个空格 Bearer */
    private String tokenStartWith;

    /** Base64对该令牌进行编码 */
    private String base64Secret;

    /** 令牌过期时间 此处单位/毫秒 */
    private Long tokenValidityInSeconds;

    /**返回令牌前缀 */
    public String getTokenStartWith() {
        return tokenStartWith + " ";
    }
}

定义无权限访问类

@Component
public class JwtAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {
    @Override
    public void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) throws IOException {
        response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN, accessDeniedException.getMessage());
    }
}

定义认证失败处理类

@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint {
    @Override
    public void commence(HttpServletRequest request,
                         HttpServletResponse response,
                         AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {
        response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED, authException==null?"Unauthorized":authException.getMessage());
    }
}

4. 构建JWT token工具类

工具类实现创建token与校验token功能

@Slf4j
@Component
public class JwtTokenUtils implements InitializingBean {

    private final JwtSecurityProperties jwtSecurityProperties;
    private static final String AUTHORITIES_KEY = "auth";
    private Key key;

    public JwtTokenUtils(JwtSecurityProperties jwtSecurityProperties) {
        this.jwtSecurityProperties = jwtSecurityProperties;
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() {

        byte[] keyBytes = Decoders.BASE64.decode(jwtSecurityProperties.getBase64Secret());
        this.key = Keys.hmacShaKeyFor(keyBytes);
    }


    public  String createToken (Map<String, Object> claims) {
        return Jwts.builder()
                .claim(AUTHORITIES_KEY, claims)
                .setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString())
                .setIssuedAt(new Date())
                .setExpiration(new Date((new Date()).getTime() + jwtSecurityProperties.getTokenValidityInSeconds()))
                .compressWith(CompressionCodecs.DEFLATE)
                .signWith(key,SignatureAlgorithm.HS512)
                .compact();
    }

    public Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) {
        Date expiration;
        try {
            final Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
            expiration = claims.getExpiration();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            expiration = null;
        }
        return expiration;
    }

    public Authentication getAuthentication(String token) {
        Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
                .setSigningKey(key)
                .parseClaimsJws(token)
                .getBody();

        Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities =
                Arrays.stream(claims.get(AUTHORITIES_KEY).toString().split(","))
                        .map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new)
                        .collect(Collectors.toList());

        HashMap map =(HashMap) claims.get("auth");

        User principal = new User(map.get("user").toString(), map.get("password").toString(), authorities);

        return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(principal, token, authorities);
    }

    public boolean validateToken(String authToken) {
        try {
            Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(key).parseClaimsJws(authToken);
            return true;
        } catch (io.jsonwebtoken.security.SecurityException | MalformedJwtException e) {
            log.info("Invalid JWT signature.");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExpiredJwtException e) {
            log.info("Expired JWT token.");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedJwtException e) {
            log.info("Unsupported JWT token.");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            log.info("JWT token compact of handler are invalid.");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return false;
    }

    private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
        Claims claims;
        try {
            claims = Jwts.parser()
                    .setSigningKey(key)
                    .parseClaimsJws(token)
                    .getBody();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            claims = null;
        }
        return claims;
    }
}

5.实现token验证的过滤器

该类继承OncePerRequestFilter，顾名思义，它能够确保在一次请求中只通过一次filter
该类使用JwtTokenUtils工具类进行token校验

@Component
@Slf4j
public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

    private JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;

    public JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils) {
        this.jwtTokenUtils = jwtTokenUtils;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        JwtSecurityProperties jwtSecurityProperties = SpringContextHolder.getBean(JwtSecurityProperties.class);
        String requestRri = httpServletRequest.getRequestURI();
        //获取request token
        String token = null;
        String bearerToken = httpServletRequest.getHeader(jwtSecurityProperties.getHeader());
        if (StringUtils.hasText(bearerToken) && bearerToken.startsWith(jwtSecurityProperties.getTokenStartWith())) {
            token = bearerToken.substring(jwtSecurityProperties.getTokenStartWith().length());
        }

        if (StringUtils.hasText(token) && jwtTokenUtils.validateToken(token)) {
            Authentication authentication = jwtTokenUtils.getAuthentication(token);
            SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
            log.debug("set Authentication to security context for '{}', uri: {}", authentication.getName(), requestRri);
        } else {
            log.debug("no valid JWT token found, uri: {}", requestRri);
        }
        filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);

    }
}

根据SpringBoot官方让重复执行的filter实现一次执行过程的解决方案，参见官网地址：https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/htmlsingle/#howto-disable-registration-of-a-servlet-or-filter
在SpringBoot启动类中，加入以下代码：

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean registration(JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter filter) {
        FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean(filter);
        registration.setEnabled(false);
        return registration;
    }

6. SpringSecurity的关键配置

SpringBoot推荐使用配置类来代替xml配置，该类中涉及了以上几个bean来供security使用

  • JwtAccessDeniedHandler ：无权限访问
  • jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint ：认证失败处理
  • jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter ：token验证的过滤器
package com.zhuhuix.startup.security.config;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.filter.TokenFilter;
import com.zhuhuix.startup.security.security.JwtAccessDeniedHandler;
import com.zhuhuix.startup.security.security.JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;
import com.zhuhuix.startup.security.security.JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter;
import com.zhuhuix.startup.security.utils.JwtTokenUtils;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.SecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.web.DefaultSecurityFilterChain;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;

/**
 * Spring Security配置类
 *
 * @author zhuhuix
 * @date 2020-03-25
 */

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true, securedEnabled = true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    private final JwtAccessDeniedHandler jwtAccessDeniedHandler;
    private final JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;
    private final JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;

    public WebSecurityConfig(JwtAccessDeniedHandler jwtAccessDeniedHandler, JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint, JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils) {

        this.jwtAccessDeniedHandler = jwtAccessDeniedHandler;
        this.jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint = jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;
        this.jwtTokenUtils = jwtTokenUtils;

    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception {

        httpSecurity
                // 禁用 CSRF
                .csrf().disable()

                // 授权异常
                .exceptionHandling()
                .authenticationEntryPoint(jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint)
                .accessDeniedHandler(jwtAccessDeniedHandler)

                // 防止iframe 造成跨域
                .and()
                .headers()
                .frameOptions()
                .disable()
                
				// 不创建会话
                .and()
                .sessionManagement()
                .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)

                .and()
                .authorizeRequests()

                // 放行静态资源
                .antMatchers(
                        HttpMethod.GET,
                        "/*.html",
                        "/**/*.html",
                        "/**/*.css",
                        "/**/*.js",
                        "/webSocket/**"
                ).permitAll()

                // 放行swagger
                .antMatchers("/swagger-ui.html").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/swagger-resources/**").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/webjars/**").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/*/api-docs").permitAll()

                // 放行文件访问
                .antMatchers("/file/**").permitAll()

                // 放行druid
                .antMatchers("/druid/**").permitAll()

                // 放行OPTIONS请求
                .antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()

                //允许匿名及登录用户访问
                .antMatchers("/api/auth/**", "/error/**").permitAll()
                // 所有请求都需要认证
                .anyRequest().authenticated();

        // 禁用缓存
        httpSecurity.headers().cacheControl();

        // 添加JWT filter
        httpSecurity
                .apply(new TokenConfigurer(jwtTokenUtils));

    }

    public class TokenConfigurer extends SecurityConfigurerAdapter<DefaultSecurityFilterChain, HttpSecurity> {

        private final JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;

        public TokenConfigurer(JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils){

            this.jwtTokenUtils = jwtTokenUtils;
        }

        @Override
        public void configure(HttpSecurity http) {
            JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter customFilter = new JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(jwtTokenUtils);
            http.addFilterBefore(customFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
        }
    }

}

7. 编写Controller进行测试

登录逻辑：传递user与password参数，返回token

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
@Api(tags = "系统授权接口")
public class AuthController {

    private final JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils;

    public AuthController(JwtTokenUtils jwtTokenUtils) {
        this.jwtTokenUtils = jwtTokenUtils;
    }

    @ApiOperation("登录授权")
    @GetMapping(value = "/login")
    public String login(String user,String password){
        Map map = new HashMap();
        map.put("user",user);
        map.put("password",password);
        return jwtTokenUtils.createToken(map);
    }  
}

使用IDEA Rest Client测试如下：

验证逻辑：传递token，验证成功后返回用户信息

token验证错误返回401：

IiBzcmM9

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本文标题为：SpringBoot整合SpringSecurity实现JWT认证的项目实践

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